Capsaicin is the active compound responsible for the heat in chili peppers and is widely used as a food additive to impart spiciness in sauces, seasonings, and other culinary products.

Used in topical creams and patches to relieve pain from conditions like arthritis, neuropathy, and muscle soreness by depleting substance P, a chemical involved in transmitting pain signals. Common in over-the-counter pain relief products.

Employed in self-defense sprays (pepper sprays) due to its ability to cause intense irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system, temporarily incapacitating attackers.

Studied for potential anti-cancer properties, with research suggesting it may induce apoptosis (cell death) in certain cancer cells.

Added to some weight loss supplements for its thermogenic effect, which may boost metabolism and fat burning, though further human studies are needed.

Used in animal repellents to deter pests such as rodents and insects without causing long-term harm.

Utilized in research settings to study pain pathways and sensory neurons, helping scientists understand chronic pain mechanisms.