Bedaquiline is primarily used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). It is specifically prescribed when standard TB treatments are ineffective due to resistance. The drug works by inhibiting the enzyme required by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria to generate energy, thereby stopping its growth and replication. Bedaquiline is often used in combination with other anti-TB medications to enhance its efficacy and reduce the risk of further resistance development. It is administered under strict medical supervision due to potential side effects, including heart-related issues. Its introduction has provided a critical therapeutic option for patients with limited treatment alternatives, significantly improving outcomes in MDR-TB cases.