Cucurbitacin V is primarily known for its potent biological activity, especially in traditional medicine and modern pharmacological research. It exhibits strong anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, making it useful in the development of treatments for inflammatory conditions such as arthritis. The compound also shows significant antitumor activity by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation in various cancer cell lines, including those of breast, lung, and liver cancers. Due to its ability to interfere with signaling pathways like JAK/STAT and NF-κB, it is studied for its potential in targeted cancer therapy. Additionally, Cucurbitacin V has been used in ethnobotanical practices as a purgative and antimicrobial agent. Its bitter taste and toxicity limit direct therapeutic use, but it serves as a valuable lead compound for drug development.