Toloxatone is primarily used as an antidepressant, specifically as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). It is prescribed to treat depressive disorders by increasing the levels of certain chemicals in the brain, such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, which help improve mood and emotional stability. Its selective action on MAO-A makes it a preferred choice for patients who may not respond well to other types of antidepressants. Additionally, it is known for having fewer side effects compared to older MAOIs, making it a safer option for long-term treatment. Toloxatone is often used in cases where other antidepressants have failed to produce the desired results, providing an alternative therapeutic approach for managing depression.