Sitagliptin phosphate is primarily used in the management of type 2 diabetes. It works by inhibiting the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), which increases the levels of incretin hormones such as GLP-1 and GIP. These hormones help regulate blood sugar by stimulating insulin release and reducing glucagon production. It is often prescribed as part of a combination therapy with other diabetes medications, such as metformin, to improve glycemic control. Additionally, it is known for its weight-neutral effects, making it a suitable option for patients concerned about weight gain. Its oral administration and once-daily dosing improve patient compliance and convenience.