Sultiame is primarily used as an antiepileptic medication, particularly effective in managing focal seizures and epilepsy syndromes in both children and adults. It is often prescribed when other antiepileptic drugs have not provided sufficient control over seizures. The compound works by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme that plays a role in the regulation of neuronal excitability, thereby reducing the frequency and severity of epileptic episodes. In some cases, it is also used as an adjunct therapy to enhance the effectiveness of other antiepileptic drugs. Additionally, sultiame has shown promise in treating conditions like migraine and certain types of neuropathic pain, though these applications are less common and still under research. Its use requires careful monitoring due to potential side effects, such as metabolic acidosis or kidney-related issues.