Lometrexol hydrate is primarily used in the field of oncology as an antifolate agent, which means it inhibits the growth of cancer cells by interfering with folate metabolism. This compound is particularly effective in targeting enzymes involved in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines, essential components for DNA and RNA production. By blocking these pathways, it prevents the proliferation of malignant cells.

In clinical research, Lometrexol hydrate has been explored for its potential in treating various types of cancers, including breast, lung, and colorectal cancers. It is often studied in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents to enhance its efficacy and reduce drug resistance. Additionally, its role in modulating folate-dependent processes has made it a subject of interest in understanding and developing treatments for diseases linked to folate metabolism disorders.

Despite its promising applications, the use of Lometrexol hydrate is carefully monitored due to potential side effects, such as bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal toxicity. Ongoing studies aim to optimize its therapeutic window and minimize adverse effects, making it a valuable tool in the evolving landscape of cancer therapy.