Sodium citrate buffer is widely used in molecular biology and biochemistry for stabilizing pH in various experimental procedures. It is particularly essential in DNA and RNA extraction protocols, where it helps maintain the integrity of nucleic acids by preventing degradation. In immunohistochemistry, it is employed as an antigen retrieval buffer to enhance the detection of proteins in tissue samples. Additionally, it is utilized in blood coagulation tests, such as the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) assay, to prevent premature clotting. In the food industry, it acts as a preservative and emulsifier, improving the texture and shelf life of products like cheese and beverages. Its buffering capacity also makes it suitable for use in pharmaceutical formulations to maintain the stability and efficacy of drugs.