Maleate buffer is widely used in biochemical and molecular biology applications due to its effective buffering capacity in the pH range of 5.2 to 6.8. It is commonly employed in enzyme assays, particularly for enzymes like phosphatases and dehydrogenases, where maintaining a stable pH is critical for accurate results. Additionally, maleate buffer is utilized in electrophoresis techniques, such as agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, to ensure optimal separation of biomolecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins. It is also used in immunohistochemistry for tissue fixation and staining processes, where it helps preserve cellular structures and enhance staining clarity. Furthermore, maleate buffer plays a role in pharmaceutical formulations, acting as a stabilizer for certain drugs and vaccines. Its versatility and reliability make it a valuable tool in various scientific and industrial settings.