Atrasentan is primarily used in the treatment of various medical conditions, particularly those related to the kidneys and cardiovascular system. It is an endothelin receptor antagonist, which means it blocks the action of endothelin, a substance that can cause blood vessels to constrict. This property makes it effective in managing conditions like diabetic nephropathy, where it helps to slow the progression of kidney damage by improving blood flow and reducing proteinuria. Additionally, atrasentan has been investigated for its potential in treating certain types of cancer, particularly prostate cancer, due to its ability to inhibit endothelin-mediated tumor growth and metastasis. Its application in these areas highlights its role in addressing complex diseases with significant unmet medical needs.