Dalcetrapib is a cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor developed to improve cardiovascular outcomes by increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. It was investigated for use in patients with established cardiovascular disease to reduce the risk of atherosclerotic events such as heart attack and stroke. The compound aimed to shift the balance of lipid metabolism by blocking the transfer of cholesterol esters from HDL to low-density lipoprotein (LDL), thereby promoting reverse cholesterol transport. Clinical trials focused on its ability to raise HDL cholesterol and potentially regress plaque formation in arteries. However, large outcome studies did not demonstrate significant reduction in cardiovascular events, leading to discontinuation of its development. Despite the lack of clinical benefit observed, dalcetrapib contributed to research on HDL-targeted therapies and the complex role of HDL in cardiovascular health.