R115777 is primarily investigated for its potential as an anticancer agent, particularly in the treatment of various types of cancers. It functions as a farnesyltransferase inhibitor, which plays a crucial role in disrupting the signaling pathways that promote cancer cell growth and survival. By inhibiting this enzyme, R115777 can potentially halt the progression of tumors, especially in cancers where Ras proteins are mutated and drive uncontrolled cell proliferation.

Clinical studies have explored its efficacy in treating hematologic malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Additionally, it has been studied in solid tumors, including breast, pancreatic, and lung cancers, where Ras mutations are often implicated. Its ability to target specific molecular pathways makes it a promising candidate for personalized cancer therapy, particularly in cases where traditional treatments have limited effectiveness.

Research is ongoing to better understand its therapeutic potential, optimize dosing regimens, and minimize side effects, with the goal of integrating it into broader cancer treatment protocols.