Nonafluorobutanesulfonic anhydride is primarily used in organic synthesis as a powerful reagent for introducing the nonafluorobutanesulfonyl group into molecules. This group is highly electron-withdrawing, making it valuable in creating intermediates for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and advanced materials. It is particularly useful in the synthesis of sulfonamides and sulfonate esters, which are key components in drug development. Additionally, it serves as a catalyst or activator in various chemical reactions, including esterifications and polymerizations, due to its strong electrophilic nature. In materials science, it is employed to modify surfaces or create fluorinated polymers with unique properties, such as enhanced chemical resistance and thermal stability.