Used as a buffering agent in pharmaceuticals and biological systems to maintain stable pH levels. Commonly employed in intravenous solutions to correct sodium deficiency and as an electrolyte replenisher. Serves as a preservative in food processing due to its antimicrobial properties, especially in ready-to-eat meals and condiments. Applied in the textile industry for dyeing processes to control alkalinity. Utilized in heating pads and hand warmers where crystallization from a supersaturated solution releases heat. Also used in wastewater treatment to add carbon source for denitrifying bacteria, helping remove nitrates from water.