Used primarily as a buffering agent in laboratory applications such as chromatography and electrophoresis, as well as in biochemical and chemical processes, helping maintain stable pH levels. In the food industry, it serves as a preservative (E262) and flavoring agent, enhancing taste and shelf life. Employed in the textile industry as a neutralizing agent during dyeing for even color distribution. In medical settings like dialysis solutions, it regulates electrolyte balance. Also used in chemical synthesis as an intermediate. Additionally, it enables heat release upon crystallization in reusable hand warmers from supersaturated solutions. High-purity anhydrous grade is ideal for analytical and lab uses; may aid odor control in wastewater treatment.