Pictilisib dimethanesulfonate is primarily used in cancer research and therapy, specifically targeting the PI3K pathway, which is often dysregulated in various cancers. It acts as a potent inhibitor of PI3Kα and PI3Kδ isoforms, making it valuable in preclinical and clinical studies for treating solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Researchers utilize it to investigate the role of PI3K signaling in cancer cell proliferation, survival, and resistance to chemotherapy. In clinical trials, it has been explored as a monotherapy or in combination with other anticancer agents to enhance treatment efficacy. Its application extends to studying potential therapeutic strategies for cancers such as breast, lung, and ovarian cancer, where PI3K pathway alterations are prevalent.