BI 2536 is a potent and selective inhibitor of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), an enzyme critical in regulating cell cycle progression, particularly during mitosis. Due to its role in disrupting mitotic division in rapidly dividing cells, BI 2536 has been primarily investigated as an anticancer agent. It induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells, showing strong activity against various cancer types including lung, pancreatic, and hematological malignancies in preclinical models. The compound has been used extensively in research to study PLK1 function and mitotic mechanisms. It served as a lead candidate in early-phase clinical trials for advanced solid tumors and leukemia, demonstrating the potential of PLK1 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy. Its application remains focused on oncology research and the development of targeted cancer therapies, especially in tumors with high mitotic index or resistance to conventional chemotherapy.