Balapiravir has been explored primarily for its antiviral properties, particularly in the treatment of RNA virus infections. It was initially developed as a potential therapeutic agent for hepatitis C virus (HCV) due to its ability to inhibit viral replication. The compound functions as a nucleoside analog, interfering with the viral RNA polymerase, thereby preventing the virus from multiplying within the host cells.

In clinical studies, Balapiravir showed promise in reducing viral loads in patients with chronic hepatitis C. However, its development faced challenges, including limited efficacy in certain patient populations and concerns about side effects, which ultimately halted its progression for HCV treatment. Despite this, research has continued to investigate its potential application against other RNA viruses, such as dengue virus and influenza, given its mechanism of action. Its role in these areas remains under exploration, with ongoing studies aiming to optimize its therapeutic use and safety profile.