5-Methylcyclocytidine hydrochloride is utilized in pharmacological and molecular biology research, with a focus on RNA function and genetic processes. As a nucleoside analog, it plays a key role in antiviral drug development by inhibiting the replication of certain viruses, particularly RNA viruses such as those causing hepatitis C. It interferes with viral RNA synthesis to reduce viral load in infected cells and is explored for enhancing existing antiviral therapies through combination approaches and broad-spectrum agents. Furthermore, it is investigated for applications in treating genetic diseases and cancer by modulating genetic transcription and translation, aiming to improve therapeutic outcomes.