Ac-YVAD-CHO is primarily used in biochemical research as a potent and selective inhibitor of caspase-1, an enzyme involved in the inflammatory response and programmed cell death (apoptosis). Its application is significant in studying the role of caspase-1 in various diseases, including inflammatory disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, and autoimmune diseases. Researchers utilize this compound to investigate the pathways and mechanisms of interleukin-1β processing and secretion, which is crucial for understanding inflammation and immune responses. Additionally, Ac-YVAD-CHO is employed in experimental models to explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting caspase-1 activity, aiding in the development of treatments for conditions where excessive inflammation or cell death is a contributing factor.