Goitrin is primarily known for its role in interfering with thyroid function. It acts as a goitrogen, which means it can inhibit the uptake of iodine by the thyroid gland, potentially leading to goiter formation. This property has been studied in the context of dietary impacts, particularly in individuals consuming large amounts of cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, cabbage, and Brussels sprouts, which naturally contain goitrin. In research, it has been used to study thyroid disorders and the effects of iodine deficiency. Additionally, goitrin has been explored for its potential anticancer properties, as it may influence cellular pathways involved in cancer progression. However, its use in therapeutic applications remains limited and requires further investigation.