Halofuginone is primarily used in veterinary medicine as an anticoccidial agent, especially in poultry and livestock. It effectively controls coccidiosis caused by various Eimeria species, helping to prevent intestinal damage and improve feed efficiency in chickens. Its mechanism involves inhibiting the intracellular development of coccidia during the schizogony stage. In addition to its antiparasitic use, halofuginone has shown potential in biomedical research due to its ability to inhibit collagen synthesis. This property makes it a candidate for studying fibrotic diseases such as scleroderma, liver fibrosis, and pulmonary fibrosis. It acts by selectively inhibiting the enzyme prolyl-tRNA synthetase, which plays a role in stress response pathways and differentiation of Th17 cells, linking it to anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Research also explores halofuginone’s antitumor properties, where it suppresses angiogenesis and tumor growth in certain cancer models. Due to these diverse biological activities, it is investigated for use in oncology and autoimmune disease therapies, although such applications remain experimental.