It is an oil with a very high Fatty Acid C18:1, not less than 90%. Fatty Acid C18:1 is characterized as a penetration enhancer that has been shown by research to help bring a variety of ingredients into the skin.

a derivative of chitosan that has gained attention for its potential use in topical drug delivery systems

a low–molecular‐weight dextran (average MW ~6 000 Da) produced by bacterial fermentation and purified for cosmetic use